IoT-Based Autonomous Fire Fighting Robot with Flame Detection and Extinguisher Control

Abstract

Fire accidents in industrial, commercial, and residential environments can cause severe damage to property and pose serious risks to human life. This paper presents an IoTBased Autonomous Fire Fighting Robot with Flame Detection and Extinguisher Control designed to detect and extinguish fires automatically without human intervention. The proposed system utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with three flame sensors, an ultrasonic sensor, a DC water pump with servo-controlled nozzle, and IoT communication technology. The robot continuously monitors its surroundings using flame sensors to detect the presence and direction of fire. When a flame is detected, the ESP32 processes sensor signals, activates an alert, and initiates autonomous navigation toward the fire source. Ultrasonic sensors enable obstacle detection and avoidance for safe movement. Upon reaching the fire location, the water pump sprays water through the directional nozzle to extinguish the flame. IoT technology provides real-time monitoring and alerts through a wireless network. Experimental results confirm the robot successfully detects fire, avoids obstacles, navigates autonomously, and extinguishes flames with minimal response time.