IoT-Enabled Lane Departure Detection with Intelligent Vehicle Lighting and Wiper Control

Abstract

The rapid advancement of intelligent transportation systems has significantly influenced modern vehicle safety technologies. Historically, vehicle safety relied on manual control and basic mechanical systems, which often lacked real-time responsiveness and predictive capabilities. With increasing road congestion and accident rates, there is a growing need for automated and connected safety solutions. Traditional vehicle systems provide limited assistance, such as basic warning indicators, but they fail to integrate multiple safety parameters or offer real-time monitoring and remote data access. These systems also suffer from delayed response, lack of adaptability, and minimal driver support in critical situations. To address these challenges, this project proposes an IoT-based smart vehicle automation and safety monitoring system using an ESP32 microcontroller. The system integrates multiple sensors, including infrared sensors for lane detection, an ultrasonic sensor for obstacle detection, an LDR for automatic headlight control, an RPS sensor for speed monitoring, and a vibration sensor for accident detection. A servo motor enables automated mechanical responses, while a buzzer provides immediate alerts during unsafe conditions. Real-time sensor data is displayed on an LCD, and a GPS module ensures continuous vehicle tracking and location sharing during emergencies. The proposed system offers a cost-effective and efficient solution by combining automation, real-time monitoring, and IoT connectivity. Its significance lies in improving driver awareness, reducing accident risks, and enabling intelligent vehicle control. This integrated approach enhances overall road safety and represents a scalable foundation for future smart transportation systems.