Solar-Powered AgriBot for Precision Farming: Ploughing, Seeding, and Irrigation in Rural Agriculture

Abstract

The agricultural sector plays a vital role in the economic development of many countries, particularly in rural regions where farming serves as the primary source of livelihood. Modern agriculture faces challenges including labor shortages, increasing operational costs, inefficient resource utilization, and dependency on traditional farming practices. This paper presents a Solar-Powered Agribot for Precision Farming capable of performing ploughing, seed sowing, irrigation, and environmental monitoring with minimal human intervention. The system is built around an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with soil moisture, temperature, and humidity sensors, a solar-powered battery management system, geared DC motors, a ploughing mechanism, a seed dispensing unit, and a water sprinkler system. Through IoT connectivity, farmers can remotely monitor environmental parameters and control the robot using an Android application. Experimental results confirm that the Agribot successfully performs automated ploughing, uniform seed sowing, intelligent irrigation, and real-time environmental monitoring. The proposed system offers a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and scalable solution for smart agriculture.