A Real-time IoT-based Fire Fighting Robot and Security Surveillance using ESP-32 Controller

Abstract

Fire accidents represent a major threat to human life, industrial infrastructure, forests, and residential environments, often resulting in severe economic loss, environmental damage, and casualties. Conventional firefighting methods mainly depend on human intervention, where firefighters manually enter hazardous locations to control flames and rescue victims. However, traditional firefighting approaches face several limitations, including delayed response, restricted accessibility in dangerous environments, exposure to toxic gases, high temperatures, and poor visibility caused by smoke. These challenges create the need for an intelligent automated firefighting system capable of detecting and suppressing fire incidents without directly risking human safety. To address this issue, the proposed Fire Bot Sentinel introduces a smart robotic firefighting system integrated with embedded sensing, robotic mobility, and real-time monitoring technologies. The system is built using an ESP32 (Espressif 32) microcontroller, which functions as the central processing unit for sensor monitoring and actuator control. A fire sensor continuously detects flame presence and automatically activates a water pump to extinguish the fire. The robotic platform can move toward the fire source, while a servo motor controls the direction of water spraying for precise targeting. An ESP32-CAM (Camera Module) provides live visual monitoring of the affected environment, and an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) presents operational alerts and status updates. The proposed system enhances firefighting efficiency, enables rapid emergency response, reduces human exposure to hazardous conditions, and supports improved safety in industrial, commercial, and residential environments